Weather, Allergies, And Glaucoma

Glaucoma, a condition that can lead to vision loss by damaging the optic nerve, affects millions globally. Weather changes and seasonal allergies can significantly influence glaucoma patients’ eye health. Understanding these factors is essential for managing glaucoma and maintaining good vision.

Weathering the glaucoma storm

Weather conditions can affect intraocular pressure (IOP), a critical factor in glaucoma management. IOP is the fluid pressure inside the eye, which can fluctuate with different climate conditions. Research indicates a relationship between air temperature and IOP. Higher temperatures tend to lower IOP, while colder weather is associated with increased IOP. For instance, IOP is often highest in February and lowest in July.

Although research has not found a strong link between air humidity and IOP, high humidity combined with warm temperatures can increase blood flow to the body’s extremities. This change may affect blood flow to the eyes, potentially impacting IOP. Atmospheric pressure, or barometric pressure, also correlates with IOP. However, its effect might be less pronounced when accounting for individual differences. During heat waves, dehydration can lead to increased IOP, posing risks for glaucoma patients.

From sneezes to pressure spikes

Seasonal allergies, such as allergic conjunctivitis (inflammation of the outer eye and inner eyelid), can also affect glaucoma patients. Allergies can increase eye pressure, exacerbating glaucoma symptoms.

Common allergens include pollen, dust, and pet dander. These can trigger allergic conjunctivitis, leading to eye discomfort and potentially affecting IOP. Symptoms of ocular allergies are itching, redness, and watering of the eyes. During allergy seasons, these symptoms can worsen, and patients might experience higher eye pressure.

Allergic reactions can block the eye’s drainage system, preventing the outflow of aqueous humor, which is the fluid that helps maintain eye pressure. This blockage can cause a buildup of intraocular pressure (IOP), potentially accelerating optic nerve damage. Additionally, some allergy medications may cause pupil dilation, which can trigger acute angle-closure glaucoma, a sudden increase in IOP that can be dangerous.

Reducing irritation

Glaucoma patients should carefully select allergy medications. Some may cause pupil dilation or increase eye pressure. Consulting with an eye doctor before using over-the-counter allergy medications is essential.

Patients should seek medical advice if experiencing symptoms such as eye pain, nausea, blurred vision, or halos around lights after taking medication. Regular eye check-ups are crucial for monitoring IOP and adjusting treatments. Consulting an allergist can also help manage persistent allergy symptoms effectively.

Year-round eye health

Weather changes and seasonal allergies can impact glaucoma patients by influencing IOP and eye health. Understanding these effects and adopting appropriate management strategies, such as adjusting medications and lifestyle changes, can help maintain eye health and control glaucoma.